The question related to upland hunting so throw out the responses that factor in waterfowl.
Not to take the quiz too seriously, but I suppose it depends on what a person is after. For instance, SD may be a great pheasant state, but the public lands in the pheasant range are rather limited and hunted quite hard. During the golden days of a few years ago, as a resident familiar with various areas, I was able to kill birds on public land. However, finding access on private is difficult without a billfold and in some areas, there is landowner hostility towards nonpaying hunters (road hunters). Also, SD seems to take for granted the unique treasure it has. For instance, there is hostility towards acquisition of public lands, failing to see the mistakes of its neighbors to the east as farmland drainage intensifies, and failing to opt into the sodbuster provisions of the last farm bill (although to be fair, I'm not sure any state opted in).
However, if one enjoys killing pheasants, its second to none. I've also killed bobwhites along the Missouri River, grouse in the coteau, and there are opportunities for chickens in the grasslands and a few ruffies in the Black Hills.
A state like Minnesota believe it or not is not at all a bad place to be an upland hunter. There are respectable populations of pheasants, world class ruffed grouse hunting, sharptails in the Northwest and East Central, and a limited prairie chicken hunt in the west. Oh, and there are tons of public land hunting opportunities. And although there are still conservation issues incumbant in farmland conservation, Minnesota, for one, has actually taken quantum leaps forward for conservation with the OHF dedicated sales tax that is churning out new WMAs and secured easements on hundreds of thousands of acres in the north woods for access.
I like the assessment of California. Its a spot I obviously would not have imagined when thinking of upland hunting. I think ND and Montana would have to garner lots of consideration with the amount of public lands (or at least lands open to public hunting) available and the prairie grouse potential. The vistas alone might be worth the trip.
Are there opportunities in Kansas, or even Nebraska for a guy who shows up with a dog, scatter gun and a map who doesn't want to fee hunt? There again, it depends on how you gauge the quality.