Iowa Has CRP but No Birds....Why?

UGUIDE

Active member
I asked this question in another thread but the Iowegian did not respond.

Iowa currently claims 1,400,000 acres of CRP and South Dakota 980,000.

South Dakota has birds and Iowa does not (looking at harvest numbers in recent years).

We all know that CRP=Pheasants.

What is the reason for no birds?
 
Pheasants are edge birds, an entire state could be crp and not produce many pheasants.
 
I have determined that there is little expansion base in habitat. Let me explain, and there are probably a better description from a wildlife biologist somewhere.... For instance lets say in Iowa, you have spectacular piece of habitat,unless that habitat is a large area, which supports the birds through all seasons, including hunting season, with the ability to relieve the birds from pressure, it will hold only a certain number of birds. Might not hold any at all if it is segmented in a small parcel. For a huntable population you need travel corridors of superior habitat, with in travel distance from each other. If you had a section of habitat all together, it will eventually have limitations. On the other hand if you had 40@ spread across 16 adjoining sections. you expand what other limited habitat exists in all 16, and provide a beginning. If more habitat is available, later, super productivity will fill the new habitat. Pheasant are also unique, in that they gravitate to superior habitat. So in areas where there is a sizable population, there will be birds, usually young, hanging on in less that perfect habitat, able to survive till a predator, rainy freezing cold, eliminates them. The bird you harvest will make available "space" at the Inn! Almost immediately that habitat spot will be occupied by a new arrival. It's the explanation of a "honey hole" every week you take birds out of a draw or hedgerow, sometimes we assume that this section of ground has huge numbers,more likely new birds taking advantage of the opportunity! Uguide, on your properties, because of habitat requirements, you are able to provide good huntable populations throughout the season, excellent production, but a lot are semi-migratory birds from around sections which have some production but not the palace you laid out! I am sure some wise ones cross the fence and sit the neighbors spindly little fence, or an out building, or hunkered under crop residue, the fly back at dusk to the Inn! It would be worth the price just to see it.
 
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I also want to say, no apples to apples scenario. Iowa had brutal winters several years in a row. Pheasants desire certain nesting cover, as well. In Kansas wheat predominately, Nebraska, alfalfa....just a few miles away. Low numbers, and low habitat. for instance I don't think I have seen a milo field in Iowa for years....there goes winter cover! Everything is plowed black and has the sheen of Roundup glistening! Pheasants do prefer edge, but how many 20 inch snow storms with -10 degrees in the Imperial Valley to hunker down in an edge habitat?
 
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I also want to say, no apples to apples scenario. Iowa had brutal winters several years in a row.

I'm on the fly here so I haven't read through the posts. I apologize if I'm repeating anything. But along the lines of what O&N said, between habitat loss, very wet, cool springs, and some nasty winters, Iowa birds have taking it the rear. This has been the case for a number of years now.

Keep in mind too, CRP can be woodland habitat. Iowa, like Illinois has a mix of grassland and woodland habitats. In South Dakota's case, their pheasant range-CRP is made up of mostly of pheasant benefiting habitat.

Nick
 
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I think Oldandnew is in the ballpark. So many think that, since we find so many pheasants in CRP patches during the winter, that is the "magic" habitat for them. Unfortunately, there is a lot of things that are beneficial, neutral, or deleterious dependent upon where you find them. To explain, CRP in Kansas, when done properly, is a mixture of NWSG and forbs in a landscape that also holds milo, corn, wheat, soybeans, pasture, weed patches, etc. The CRP here differs by rainfall belt and seed mix. Further north, the same is generally true with spring wheat coming into a more dominant role as you climb in latitude. Now, further east, you find a landscape dominated in row crop farming with little "waste" ground and a CRP that quickly evolves beyond upland game bird production capacity due to the higher rainfall totals and the effect that has on the NWSG structure. They just plain get too rank for significant nesting success and brooding. Pheasants rarely nest in corn or soybeans as they are planted late enough to not provide cover during nest initiation season. Further, they just don't provide nesting "type" cover. Covers that do provide that structure often are hayed before nest completion can be achieved.

Then there is brood-rearing cover. More and more frequently these days our legume crops are genetically modified to kill insects when they bite the plant or are sprayed or hayed with frequency. The timing is off for the production season due to field operations. Our farming practices are changing and not for the better. Much could be adapted in seeding mixes and such to change this. However, the USDA has set these based on local grazing land goals and these rush to maturity much too fast to provide many years of production before becoming unproductive. Just my opinion having not been there enough to look.
 
Excellents posts and it makes me think. Based on what I know from hunting Iowa for 20 years and farming for pheasants in South Dakota for 15 years here is where I agree and disagree:

-Edge: yes, very important. With 1.4 million acres edge is not a limiting factor.

- Apples to oranges: Yes, every state is different and that is surely a factor between IA & SD. However, I started hunting in IA in 1980. I don't EVER remember hunting any milo or wheat either stubble or standing. Maybe my memory does not serve me right because all I can remember is corn and beans and that is for sure the lions share of crop in the state. SD still has a fair amount of small grains in the mix but that is changing fast.

- CRP Produce Birds: The only way it don't is if it is majorily brome grass which is also what I remember CRP to be in IA before I ever knew what CRP or brome grass was.

- Woodland Cover in CRP: ?? I am not aware of any woodland CRP programs. Shelterbelts and windbreaks yes and in SD and IA there are usually not enough of these because they cost a lot to put in and producers do not want to tie up the acres with semi-permanent cover. These cover types are limiting in SD and I suspect they are as well in IA. Woody cover winters a lot of birds in extreme conditions.

So is it the brome? The corn and beans? The clean fields? The chicken barns spreading manure litter on fields?

You can have the crappiest 1.4 million acres of CRP in the crappiest of conditions and it will produce birds and has proven to do so in other states.

The good news is that CRP is no where near what is can be when fully optimized. It can be as intensive and optimized and Precision Agriculture as far as what it can produce and what it can conserve. The brome grass field is know as idle land and set aside land and it is just that. Idle. It can be incredibly more diverse and productive.

Still some missing pieces to the puzzle but some damn good thoughts and posts in that direction here.
 
I think it has to do with a few factors.

1. We had a string of cold snowy winters and cool wet springs that were unprecedented. I don't think the actual effects of these were known until boots hit the ground.

2. Clean fields

3. Aging CRP. CRP is productive for pheasants until a certain point. Then when it gets to a certain point the productivity levels off and may even support fewer pheasants.

4. With the reduced bird numbers the word got out. Instead of just looking at birds harvested look at birds harvested per hunter. there has been a drastic reduction In hunters to harvest birds so harvest numbers will naturally decline as well.
 
Chris, define "produce". Crappy CRP will hold birds in the winter, may not "produce" birds in the nesting season. When it is so heavy that the chicks can't travel in it or keep from getting soaked on damp mornings and chilling out, it won't "produce" them. If it is deficient of forbs, where are the insects coming from? Grass doesn't "produce" many insects. Chicks have got to see to eat. If they can't move in the cover, they sure aren't going to be able to find and catch insects. Structure is very important!
 
Chris, define "produce".

Good question. The biologists would use the word "recruitment". I didn't understand it at first.

But produce or recruitment could mean from prospective hen to harvested rooster or rooster that carries through winter to breed the prospective hen.

In terms of time that is 7X24/365 days a year. 12 months of the year that the habitat is required. Every month is different based on need.

I have several fields of complete heavy warm season. Overwintering cover. Not great for nesting. Performs well Nov. thru March.

I would rather have that than just plain brome.

I traded the passion of harvesting roosters to producing fair chase roosters.
 
You're right on the brome, Chris. The first frozen precipitation and a lot of it goes down never to rise again. It too can get too rank to recruit or produce the next generation. CRP thick with Big Bluestem and Indian grass will often get too heavy in high rainfall belts. The beauty of the little bluestem is that its a bonafide bunch grass that typically leaves the space needed by chicks between plants where forbs can grow or chicks can navigate. It is very important that every acre that can be nesting and brood-rearing cover be productive. We can squeeze adult birds together in the winter, but it is a problem to do with nesting hens. The reason South Dakota and Kansas as well as the adjoining states are buffered at this most important season is that we have the small grain component that is mostly missing in Iowa. For me, produce is a product of the current year, egg to recruited adult.
 
I think the primary reasons for Iowa's low numbers, which have been stated, are broken up cover and weather.

Most of our cover is not at all what it was 20 years ago. Much smaller areas and a lot of it poorly maintained. We have so much more land being cultivated every year. Fence rows, tree lines, shelter belts all being plowed under and put in more row crops. You can drive over a lot of Iowa without seeing much pheasant cover.

We have also had several very bad winters in a row followed by wet springs. The IA DNR put on some talks I attended, explaining that Iowa, particularly southern Iowa, is having wetter springs which are hurting pheasant hatches. After a dry period from the early 60's to the early 90's, Iowa has been getting wetter. Combine that with a few bad winters and it spells bad news. For example, a couple of years ago after a horrendous winter hen pheasants were effectively exterminated in parts of eastern Iowa which was followed up with a wet spring. As you can imagine numbers crashed.

The Dakotas have not been in the same wet period we have and have better hatches as well as better cover.
 
- Woodland Cover in CRP: ?? I am not aware of any woodland CRP programs.]



I believe (today) it's under CRP--CP3A?? When my relatives put portions of their land/farms into wooded CRP--not shelter belts---it may have been under some other sub-name. My uncle was the latest one within the family to install/build a (hard-wood) "woods" about 3-4 years ago under the program. Some day it will be great deer and turkey habitat. Not so great for pheasants/upland birds though.

Nick:)
 
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I am not much of an expert when it comes to Iowa but isn't much of the state tile drained?? South Dakota still has wetlands with in crop land and the grasslands.
 
They've lost a lot of habitat. As been noted-- add in unfavorable nest/brood rearing conditions for a number of years and it's the perfect storm for lower bird numbers. Hopefully there will be some turn around to numbers this fall.

Nick
 
The primary pheasant range in Iowa is now corn and beans from road to road. Been tiled, bulldozed, and removed. More crp in south. We don't have the pastures, hay ground, sloughs, and other vital habitat anymore like the Dakotas.
 
The primary pheasant range in Iowa is now corn and beans from road to road. Been tiled, bulldozed, and removed. More crp in south. We don't have the pastures, hay ground, sloughs, and other vital habitat anymore like the Dakotas.

Thanks PA. This would be an offsetting reason possibly for a state that has a lot of CRP (1.4 million acres).

Even so. You should be able to produce a HECK of alot of birds on that many conservation acres.
 
I am not much of an expert when it comes to Iowa but isn't much of the state tile drained?? South Dakota still has wetlands with in crop land and the grasslands.

This is a good point, My buddy In central North Dakota owns 800 acres but only 600 can be farmed cause its too wet in the spring. So he has 200 acres or 1/4 of his land in decent nesting and good cover. He plants food plots later when this land drys out, and doesn't mow this cover.

North Dakota has a bunch of farms like this. the price of the land there is 1/3 or a 1/4 the cost of Iowa so tile draining it doesn't make sense. even though in the last few years I have seen some guys in ND put it in. 10 years ago if you had even thought of it they would think you are crazy.

ND-lots of pasture land, decent amount of winter wheat planted, not much drainage tile, and most people no till farm in North Dakota-at least in central and western part of state.

Iowa- not much pasture or native land, I don't think much winter wheat planted, don't think they no till farm much. and a lot of drainage tile. farm ditch to ditch.

IMO those reasons, and iowa with harder winters lately and wetter springs. is a good start to the reason the Dakota produce more birds then iowa.

I think Iowa would be a good warning to the Dakotas if they start following the path of plowing up pasture and native land. and drain tiling everything. and farming ditch to ditch.


I don't have first hand knowledge of Iowa, so if I misspoke on something please correct me. also I spoke more on ND because I know more about it then SD. but I assume they have some similar aspects.


also I thought this was a great topic for discussion.
 
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IMO, the main reason Iowa doesn't produce more pheasant is because pheasant doesn't have antlers. 25 years ago, opening day meant pheasants, now it means deer. Priorities change, but I wish they had stayed the same in this instance.

In all honesty, I could not take you to but just a few places that I killed birds 20yrs ago. Most are all but a memory thanks to the almighty dollar. It's pretty sad to see the amount of erosion that is occurring mostly due to the lack of water ways with all the heavy rains we have received the past few years.
 
Oats, wheat and grass hay. We haven't had good numbers since oats disappeared from the rotations.

Most CRP isn't that great for nesting pheasants.
 
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