Any quail hen shot doesn’t nest at all. Yet quail have not been eliminated.
Considering ALL of the other winged game, waterfowl and upland, hens are fair game. With a lot of duck species it’s very easy to differentiate hens from drakes; hens are still fair game.
The “fact” that pheasant hens nest only once appears to be incorrect according to Pheasants Forever:
Springtime throughout pheasant country brings with it one of the great disappearing acts of the world and the most critical period of the year for ringnecks – nesting season for hen pheasants.
pheasantsforever.org
“Although subsequent nesting attempts attributed to nest predation or abandonment produce fewer eggs, pheasants are very capable of hatching chicks into the waning months of summer. Additionally, chicks hatched late in the season have a lower chance at survival, so more successful early nesting attempts means more birds recruited into the fall population.”
Which sounds a lot like quail.
animaldiversity.org
Animal Diversity Web (ADW) is an online database of animal natural history, distribution, classification, and conservation biology at the
University of Michigan
“Bobwhites mate in their first year of life and rear one brood a year. Nests destroyed before hatching will be rebuilt while broods lost after hatching are usually not replaced.”
Again, I doubt adding an optional hen to a bag limit would make much difference in overall population. For example 3 cocks or 2 cocks and 1 hen.
The lack of habitat exacerbated by the run of poor weather during the nesting/rearing period is the true problem. IMO.