To far is what I see waterfowl shooters take aim and fire, at least it is to me! I guess I'm conditioned to seeing birds going away fast, not the passing shots. Upland hunting I figure a guy gets plenty of 20 yard shots, with an improved cylinder you won't need any excuses. Waterfowl, I figure I need a range finder, but I see these guys drop em up there. I've also seen some long pheasant shots, to many, as soon as somebody drops one there will be a barrage of shots even farther, in the hope that one lucky pellet..... more likely the bird will fly off and become a feast for the predators, or picked up by a dog two sections away. If I can't get to 30 yards of an upland bird, I'm not trying. Waterfowl, silly me, about 30 is what I want there too, especially with the bastardization of steel shot. I have always found it strange that the range is alot closer than the shooter claims later. Pace off 30 yards and place a decoy, it looks a heck of a lot longer! and a lot of birds fall inside that decoy in the heat of combat.