I'm still thinking about this one, as it's a bit unnerving. How'd you notice it? I'm a little surprised you were able to get it out. If that's an Accu-Choke/Invector tube, & assuming it was manufactured correctly, & assuming you installed it to "normal" tightness (without using a cheater bar), I have to guess that lip somehow got just a tad out of round, while the threaded part wasn't affected. As suggested above, I suppose dropping one just right on a concrete floor might do it. I don't know how else that happens. I'm glad you posted this, though. I know I'll inspect the edges of every tube I screw in from here until eternity. Thanks!
FWIW, choke tubes are weird little things. I've got a couple guns where they tend to tighten after a few rounds. One gun where they loosen after a few rounds. I know I've shot lots of rounds with somewhat loose tubes, usually just a tiny fraction of a turn. But there have been a few times they've been 1/4 to 1/2 turn loose. No damage yet. I try to check tightness regularly.