Hunting on Public Road Rights of Way
Public road rights of way are open for the hunting of small game and waterfowl (see Dove, Youth
Pheasant, and Resident-Only Pheasant seasons for special road hunting restrictions). However, no
person may hunt within 660 feet of schools, churches, occupied dwellings and livestock. Furthermore,
neither the person discharging a firearm nor the small game animal being shot at may be within the 660-
foot safety zone.
The public right of way along a section line or other highway is open for hunting if:
1. The right of way has been commonly used by the public for vehicular travel, as demonstrated by the
existence of a well-worn vehicle trail.
2. An intentional alteration or adaptation has been made to the right of way to enhance the natural terrain's
utility for vehicular travel or to permit vehicular travel where it was not possible before.
NOTE: Fences are sometimes not on a right of way boundary and sometimes there is no fence. Most
section line rights of way are 66 feet wide. Some acquired rights of way are wider.
• Hunters can take only small game (except mourning doves) and waterfowl within the right of way on foot.
The hunter must be within the right of way and the game must have taken flight from within or be flying
over the right of way.
• The person must park or stop their vehicle as far to the right-hand side of the road as possible.
• If the person who discharges a firearm is more than 50 yards from the vehicle, the doors on the side of
the vehicle nearest the roadway must be closed, but the engine may remain running.
• If the person who discharges a firearm is less than 50 yards from the vehicle, all of the doors of the
vehicle must be closed and the engine shall be turned off.
• It is NOT legal to shoot small game and waterfowl that takes flight from a public right of way over a
Federal Refuge or Indian Tribal Trust lands. If a State-licensed hunter shoots at a bird across the fence on
either of these lands, the hunter may be subject to arrest by Federal Fish & Wildlife officers.
• Small game and waterfowl taken from the right of way but falling onto private property can be retrieved by
unarmed hunters on foot.
• No person may discharge a firearm, muzzleloader, crossbow or bow and arrow at any big game animal,
except turkey to be taken with a shotgun using shot shells or with a bow and arrow, from within the right of
way of an improved public highway.
• A person may not discharge a firearm or other weapon across or from any Black Hills National Forest
system road.
• Any person who, while hunting a road right of way, negligently endangers another person, or puts that
person in fear of imminent serious bodily harm, is guilty of a Class 1 misdemeanor.